By Dr. Steve Cook
Introduction
The study of angels or the doctrine of angelology is one of the ten major
categories of theology developed in many systematic theological works. The
tendency, however, has been to neglect it. Though the doctrine of angels holds
an important place in the Word of God, it is often viewed as a difficult subject
because of many reasons.
First, while the student of God’s Word may find abundant mention of angels
in the Bible, the student does not find clear revelation and description
concerning them. Secondly, one will find that in a study of angels, every
reference to them is only incidental to some other topic. They are not treated
in themselves. God’s revelation never aims to inform us regarding the nature
of angels. When they are mentioned, it is always in order to inform us
further about the character of God, the purpose of God, and the practice of
God. Thirdly, there are many misconceptions concerning angels. There are
many who have even become consumed with the worship of angels –
angelmania.
While many details about angels are omitted in God’s Word, it is important to
keep in mind three (3) vital elements about biblical revelation God has given
concerning angels:
The mention of angels is inclusive in Scripture. Depending on the Bible
translation searched, angels are mentioned approximately 291 to 305 times in
the Word of God. References to angels range from 116 times in the Old
Testament and 175 times in the New Testament.
These references are scattered throughout the Word of God and are found in
at least 34 books of the Bible.
There are numerous references to angels by the Lord Jesus Christ, the
Creator of all things. This would include angelic beings. Paul wrote to the
Colossians, “For by Him all things were created, that are in heaven, and that
are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or
principalities, or powers: all things were created by Him, and for Him:”
While the mention of angels may seem incidental at times in comparison to
other subjects of the Word of God, it must be realized that it is an important
element of divine revelation and should not be neglected, especially in view of
today’s craze and misconceptions about angels. The object of this study is to
make the Word of God our authority rather than the mere speculations of
men and women today. Misconceptions concerning angels has reached
epidemic proportions, especially within the United States of America.
In recent years we have been bombarded by what is now known among
theologians as Angelmania. According to an article written by Dr. Kenneth
Gangel, in a quarterly entitled, “Kindred Spirits,” there is within our land
widespread discussion and fascination concerning angels. In his 1990 book
entitled, Angels: An Endangered Species, Malcolm Godwin estimates that
over the last 30 years one in every ten pop songs mentions an angel.
However, the infatuation with angels has largely increased. In the last two
years Time, Newsweek, Ladies’ Home Journal, Redbook, and a host of other
popular magazines have carried articles about angels. In mid-1994, ABC aired
a two-hour, prime time special entitled, “Angels: the Mysterious
Messengers.” In Newsweek’s November 28, 1994, issue an article entitled,
“In Search of the Sacred,” observed that 20% of Americans said that they
had had a revelation from God in the last year, and 13% have seen or sensed
the presence of an angel.
It would seem that modern society, howbeit secular and materialistic, is
searching desperately for some spiritual and supernatural meaning to life in
general. If angels can provide this meaning, then angels it will be! The
bookstores now abound with books on angels, many of which report incidents
of encounters with angels by people. All of this proves once more that people
are willing to give in to fascination rather than faith.
If ever there has been a need to look into the Word of God for the real
answers to life, it is now. We are living in the best of times and the worst of
times. We are living in a day in which the possibility of Christ coming for His
Bride, the Church, is nearer than ever before. We can see the signs of the
times and know that the Tribulation Period is growing ever more near with
each tick of the clock. However, we are living in the worst of times in that
“evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse.” As 1 Chronicles 12:32
states of the children of Issachar, that they “were men who understanding of
the times and to know what Israel ought to do”, so should every child of God
living today. Let us then take a closer examination of the subject of
Angelology.
Definition of Angels
Angels are spiritual beings created by God to serve Him. They are, in many
ways, created “higher than man”, in that they possess supernatural abilities
man does not possess. However, they do not have access to the greatest of all
blessings – Salvation! This establishes a major difference between angels and
man.
Angels fall into two (2) spiritual or moral categories. They are, according to
their nature termed “holy” (Mark 8:38) or “elect” (1 Tim. 5:21), and “evil”
(Luke 8:2) or “unclean spirits” (Lk. 11:24; 26). According to their allegiance
they are called “the angels of God” (John 1:51), or we read of “the devil and
his angels” (Matt. 25:41) and the “dragon and his angels” (Rev. 12:7). It may
be that a third of the angels belong to the camp of the devil (Rev. 12:4).
The Origin of Angel
Aim of Their Creation
Angels are created beings and not the spirits of departed or glorified human
beings. This is clearly brought out in Psalm 148:1-5. The Psalmist calls on all
in the celestial heavens, including the angels, to praise God. The reason given
is, “…for He commanded, and they were created.” The angels, as well as the
celestial heavens, are declared to be created by God.
Though the exact time of the creation of angels is not stated in God’s Word,
we know they were created before the creation of the world. From the book of
Job we are told that they were present when the earth was created (Job 38:4-
7), so their creation was prior to the creation of the earth as described in
Genesis Chapter One.
Agent of Their Creation
Scripture specifically states that Christ is the Creator of ALL things,
therefore, He is the Creator of angels (John 1:1-3; Col. 1:16). In Colossians 1:
16 we read that Christ’s creation includes “all things” in heaven and on
earth, visible and invisible. These would indicate that the entire universe,
both material and immaterial is the creation of His handiwork. We also see a
highly organized hierarchy of angelic beings referred to with the words
“thrones”, “powers”, “rulers”, and “authorities”. In the book of Colossians,
Paul was refuting an attempt by Gnostics to promote the worship of angels
instead of Christ (Col. 2:10; 15; 18). In this epistle, Paul instructs the
Colossians the superiority of Christ over angels in that He is their Creator.
This is also taught in other epistles such as Ephesians 1:21; 3:10; 6:12;
Philippians 2:9-10; Hebrews 1:4-14).
Act of Their Creation
The angels were created simultaneously as a host or a company. God created
man and the animal kingdom in pairs with the responsibility and ability to
procreate (reproduce). Angels, however, were created simultaneously as a
company, a countless host of myriads (Col. 1:16; Neh. 9:6). This is suggested
by the fact they are not subject to death or any form of extinction, and they
do not propagate or multiply themselves as do human beings. Hebrews 9:27
states, “And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the
judgment:” While fallen angels will be judged in the future and permanently
confined to the lake of fire (Matt. 25:41; 1 Cor. 6:4; 2 Pet. 2:4; Jude 6), there
is never any mention of the death of angels (see Luke 20:36). Nevertheless,
they are an innumerable host created before the creation of the earth (Job 38:
7; Neh. 9:7; Ps. 148:2; 5; Heb. 12:22; Dan. 7:10; Matt. 26:53; Rev. 5:11).
Nature of Angels
Their Abode
Statements like, “the angels which are in heaven” (Mark 13:32) and “an
angel from heaven” (Galatians 1:8) suggest that angels have fixed abodes or
centers for their activities. However, due to their ministries and abilities
given to them in the service of God, they also have access to the entire
universe. They are described as serving in heaven and on earth (Isa. 6:1;
Dan. 9:21; Rev. 7:2; 10:1).
Though fallen angels seem to have an abode other than heaven itself, no
specific location is given except that Satan will be bound in the “bottomless
pit” for the thousand years after the Second Coming of Christ (Rev. 20:3).
Likewise, the plague which seems to be demonic is spoken of as coming from
this Abyss (Rev. 9:1-30). Fallen angels also have a king who is referred to as
the “angel of the bottomless pit” (Rev. 9:11). The destiny of fallen angels is
the lake of fire (Matt. 25:41). The unfallen or holy angels will dwell in the
new heavens and new earth described in Revelation 21-22.
Their Form
Though at times they have revealed themselves in the form of human bodies
(angelophanies) as in Genesis 18:3, they are described as “spirits” in Hebrews
1:14. This suggests that they do not have material bodies as do human beings.
This is further supported by the fact that they do not function as human
beings in terms of marriage and procreation (Mark 12:25), nor are they
subject to death (Luke 20:36).
Mankind, including our incarnate Lord, is said to be made “lower than the
angels” (Heb. 2:7). While this may mean that both were made lower
chronologically (after the angels), it could also refer to the fact that angels
are not subject to the limitations of man, especially since they are incapable
of death (Luke 20:36). Angels have greater wisdom than man (2 Sam. 14:20),
yet their wisdom is limited (Matt. 24:36). Angels have greater power than
man (Matt. 28:2; Acts 5:19; 2 Pet. 2:11), yet they are limited in power (Dan.
10:13).
Angels, however, do not surpass mankind in all areas. Angels are not created
in the image of God, therefore, they do not share man’s glorious destiny in
redemption in Christ. At the consummation of the age, redeemed man will be
exalted high above angels (1 Cor. 6:3).
Millard Erickson writes in his book entitled, Christian Theology, “That angels
are spirits may also be inferred from the following considerations: Demons
(fallen angels) are described as spirits (Matt. 8:16; 12:45; Luke 7:21; 8:2; 11:
26; Acts 19:12; Rev. 16:14). We are told that our struggle is not against ‘flesh
and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the
darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places’ (Eph. 6:
12). Paul, in Colossians 1:16, seems to identify the heavenly forces as
invisible. That assertion of Jesus that angels do not marry (Matt. 22:30) and
do not die (Luke 20:36) seems to also suggest that they are spirits.” One
must also realize that angels, though spirit beings and very powerful, are not
omnipotent (all-powerful), omniscient (all-knowing), nor omnipresent (able to
be everywhere at once). Only God has these attributes.
Their Appearance
Since angels are spirit beings, they are usually not seen, unless God gives the
ability to see them or they manifest themselves. While angels are normally
invisible, they do have the freedom to appear on occasion. Angels have
appeared in dreams, as to Joseph (Matt. 1:20). In visions, God has disclosed
something of their appearance to man. Isaiah’s vision centered upon
Jehovah, but it also included an astonishing sight of winged seraphim
worshipping and serving God (Isa. 6:1-8).
On one occasion, God granted to the young man with Elisha the gift of
supernatural vision to see the normally invisible angelic host surrounding and
protecting them (2 Kings 6:17). However, beyond dreams and visions and
apart from supernatural vision granted to man, angels have actually appeared
to natural sight. Sometimes they were recognized as angels (Dan. 8:15-17;
Matt. 28:1-7), and sometimes their actual identity was temporarily or
completely withheld (Num. 22:23; 31: Judges 6:11-12; 21-22; Heb. 13:2).
The forms of their appearance vary, but the most common form of angels
recorded in Scripture is that of form of men. This appearance may be so
realistic that they are actually mistaken for mere men. Abraham welcomed
three “men” in the plains of Mamre (Gen. 18:1-8). He witnessed them walk,
talk, and sit as men. He invited them to eat as men, and they did eat, yet they
were actually angels (Gen. 18:22; 19:1). Two of these angles journeyed on to
Lot in Sodom, where he invited them to stay and refresh themselves. They
physical realism is further attested by the fact that wicked men of Sodom
desired them sexually in homosexual activities (Gen. 19:1-8).
They generally appear as males. Mark refers to a “young man” in the empty
sepulchre of Jesus (Mark 16:5). Luke records the sight of “two men in
shining garments” (Lk. 24:4). Though angels often appear as young men,
sometimes they appear in the form of creatures other than humans. In
Revelation 4:6-8, angels are pictured as having many eyes, faces of a lion, a
calf, a man, and an eagle, each having six wings. In other instances, angels
appear having various other forms.
Angels may appear in any number it seems, from one (Lk. 1:26-29), two
(John 20:12; Acts 1:10), three (Gen. 18:1-2), to a host or multitude (Lk. 2:13).
Names of Angels
There are many names used in the Word of God in connection with angels.
Some are general names used in reference of all angels, while other names
refer more specifically to certain angels in regard to their duties or ministries.
General Names of Angels
Angels – The primary name used in the Word of God for these spiritual beings
is angel. The Hebrew word for angel is mal’ach, and the Greek word is
angelos. Both words mean “messenger” and describe one who executes the
purpose and will of the one whom they serve. This name is not always used in
relation to angelic beings. Some times a human messenger is in view. The
context of the passage must be analyzed in order to determine which one is
meant. The name angelos (angel) is not only a generic term, pertaining to a
special order of beings, but is also descriptive and expressive of their office
and service. Whenever one reads the word “angel”, one should think of it in
this way.
Ministering Spirits – This name of angels is perhaps more of a description
than a name. In Hebrews 1:13-14 we read that these angels are “sent forth to
minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation.”
Holy Ones – The unfallen angels are also spoken of as “holy ones” (Psalm 89:
5; 7). The reason is twofold: (1) being the creation of a holy God, they were
created perfectly without any flaw or sin. (2) they are called holy because of
their purpose. They are “set apart” BY God and FOR God as His servants and
as attendants to His holiness.
Host – The Hebrew word for host is tsaba which means “army; armies; hosts.”
It is a military term and carries the idea of warfare. Angels are sometimes
referred to as the “host”, which calls our attention to two ideas: (1) it is used
to describe God’s angels as the “armies of heaven” who engage in spiritual
warfare (Ps. 89:6; 8; 1 Sam. 1:11; 17:45). (2) it calls our attention to angels as
a multitude of heavenly beings who surround and serve God as seen in the
phrase “Lord of hosts” (Isa. 31:4).
Sons of God – In their holy, unfallen state, angels are sometimes called “sons
of God” in the sense that they were created by God. It may also be because
they also possess personality like God. It is highly unlikely, however, that the
“sons of God” mentioned in Genesis 6:2 refers to angels. The main reason
why this is not likely is because angels do not procreate as does mankind.
Most likely the sons of God mentioned in Genesis 6:2 refer to the sons of
Seth (godly) taking the daughters of Cain (sinful), thus bearing children.
Special Names of Angels
Seraphims – This term is found only twice in the Word of God, Isaiah 6:2 & 6:
6, and means “burning ones”. No doubt this speaks of their consuming
devotion to God rather than of their outward ministry. Their duty is
comparable to that of a priestly service for God. Seraphim are described in
Isaiah as having 6 wings and flying above the throne of God. They seem to
have the distinct honor of crying aloud in worship, “Holy, holy, holy, is the
LORD of hosts: the whole earth is full of His glory.” One seraphim took a
live coal in his hand, which he had taken with the tongs from off the altar,
and this seraphim laid it upon Isaiah’s mouth, and said, “Lo, this hath
touched thy lips; and thine iniquity is taken away, and thy sin purged.” No
other time is there mention in the Word of God concerning these angels.
Cherubim – (Hebrew plural of cherub) Description – This name seems to refer
to angelic beings of the highest order or class. They are created with
indescribable powers and beauty. It is impossible for the human mind to
comprehend their appearance. It seems that God made their appearances to
differ, depending on the task assigned them by God. The first biblical
reference to angels is to the cherubim of Gen. 3:24. God placed them at the
eastern gate of the garden of Eden to guard it after the fall of man. The next
appearance of cherubim is in Exodus 25:17-22 in connection with the
construction of the temple furnishings. Duties – The main purpose of
cherubim, never called angels, is best summarized as “proclaimers and
protectors of God’s glorious presence, sovereignty, and holiness.” Cherubim
are never sent away from the “presence of God”. Their tasks always revolve
around the mercy seat, temple, or throne of God. Each of these represent God’
s presence.
Specific Names of Angels
The Angel of the Lord – This is an important name and refers to no ordinary
angel. A careful study will reveal that in the Old Testament this name always
refers to a “preincarnate appearance of Christ”, called a Theophany or
better, a Christophany. The Angel of the Lord is identified as God, speaks as
God, and claims to exercise the prerogatives of God. This is further
substantiated by the fact that there in the New Testament after the
incarnation of Jesus, there ceases to be the same reference to “THE Angel of
the Lord”. In the New Testament the term referring to an angel of the Lord
lacks the Greek article which would suggest an ordinary angel, not Christ.
Michael – There are only 3 angels in particular that are specifically named:
Michael, Gabriel, and Lucifer. Michael means “Who is like God?” this name
is in stark contrast with the proud boast of Lucifer who declared, “I will be
like the Most High!” (Isa. 14:14). In Jude 9 we read that Michael is
designated as “the archangel”. This title immediately sets him above some of
the other angels. We see him as the military leader of an army of angels in
battle with Satan in Revelation 12:7. We do not know for sure that Michael is
the only archangel, but we do know that he is the only one mentioned in the
Word of God. It would seem that his main duties include standing as the
defender of Israel and opposing the enemies of God. In Daniel 10:10-14
Michael came to help another angel of lesser rank and power when the
“prince of the kingdom of Persia” withstood him. Daniel 12:1 calls Michael,
“the great prince which standeth for the children of thy people (Israel)” in
the time known as the Great Tribulation. However, we know from Jude 9 that
Michael respected the power of Satan when he refused to accuse him. Michael
said, “The Lord rebuke thee!” How much more should we rely upon the Lord
in our own lives as we wrestle against the powers of spiritual wickedness (Eph.
6:10-12)?
Gabriel – The name of Gabriel means “mighty one of God”. It speaks of his
great strength given by God. The fact that he was “caused to fly swiftly” in
Daniel 9:21 reveals his unusual speed and strength; He is designated as “the
man Gabriel” which reveals that he appears at times in human form; He is
self-described as “I am Gabriel, that stand in the presence of God” (Luke 1:
19); Whereas Michael seems to be the special champion of Israel, Gabriel
appears to be the special messenger of God to Israel. Throughout the Bible we
see Gabriel appearing at various times with a message for mankind. Gabriel
appears at least four particular times in the Bible. Each time he brings a
message concerning God’s kingdom program. He first appears in Daniel 8:16,
and is then seen in Daniel when he gives Daniel an interpretation of the
vision of the ram and the goat (Dan. 9:21); He appears to Zacharias in Luke 1:
13-19 announcing the birth of John the Baptist; and lastly, Gabriel is seen
announcing the birth of Jesus to the virgin Mary in Luke 1:26; 31-35.
Lucifer – The third angel to be specifically mentioned by name is Lucifer, the
anointed cherub that at one time covered the throne of God (Ezek. 28:14-15).
Lucifer was probably the most beautiful and powerful of all angels. It is
obvious by Ezekiel 28:14-15 that he occupied the highest rank of the entire
population of angelic beings. However, Lucifer rebelled when he was
consumed with pride. In his rebellion, he influenced possibly 1/3 of the other
angels, and ultimately was cast out of heaven. He is now called by many
names. There are names that describe his position such as Anointed Cherub
Who Covers (Ezek. 28:14); The Prince of This World (Jn. 12:31; 16:11); The
Prince of the Power of the Air (Eph. 2:2); The God of This Age (2 Cor. 4:4);
and The Prince of Demons (Matt. 12:24; Lk. 11:15). There are names which
reflect his character such as Lucifer (Isa. 14:12; Satan (Zech. 3:1; Rev. 12:9);
Devil (Lk. 4:2; 13; Rev. 12:9); Beelzebub (Matt. 10:25; 12:24; 27; Mk. 3:22;
Lk. 11:15; 18; 19); Old Serpent (Rev. 12:9); Great Dragon (Rev. 12:3; 7; 9);
The Evil One (Jn. 17:15; 1 Jn. 5:18); and Destroyer (Rev. 9:11). There are
also names which indicate his activity such as Tempter (Matt. 4:3; 1 Thess. 3:
5); Accuser (Rev. 12:10); Deceiver (Rev. 12:9; 20:3); and The Spirit That Now
Works in the Sons of Disobedience (Eph. 2:2). This is not an exhaustive list,
but these do represent the scope of names used for this leader of fallen angels.
Fall of Lucifer & His Angels
The cause or the fall of some of the angels created by God is briefly
mentioned in the Word of God, although not all specific details are clearly
revealed. However, we do have adequate revelation to know some basic
answers that are helpful in understanding of what happened.
All angels were created in a state of “holiness”, just as man was later created
in a state of perfect holiness and fellowship with God. Since our Lord Jesus
Christ created all things (Col. 1:16-17), we must believe that all things were
created perfectly.
Angels were created as “free moral agents”, just as later man was created
with the power to choose between good and evil. Despite their holy character
and surroundings, some of these created beings chose to rebel against God.
Scripture pictures Lucifer, the anointed cherub which covered the throne of
God, as the leader of this rebellion or defection. Lucifer, later called Satan,
was overcome by thoughts of pride, and he influenced other holy angels to
rebel also. Together with his cohorts, Lucifer and other evil angels attempted
to overthrow God (Isa. 14:12-17; 1 Tim. 3:6). Of course, he could not possibly
succeed, but he did cause others to come under condemnation with him (Matt.
25:41).
Division of Angels: Good & Evil
As a result of the fall of Lucifer (Isa. 14:12-15; Ezek. 28:15) and possibly 1/3
of the holy angels (Rev. 12:4), we find that there is a definite division among
God’s angelic creations. This is further revealed in the words of John in
Revelation 12:7-9, “And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels
fought against the dragon; and the dragon fought and his angels, And
prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in heaven. And the
great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which
deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were
cast out with him.” While this war has not yet been fought, we do find that
there is a division which does exist even now. Satan is termed to be the “god
of this world” in 2 Corinthians 4:4. We know that he does still have access to
heaven, but the day is soon coming when the accuser of the brethren will no
longer have such access before the throne of God (Rev. 12:10).
It is clear from Revelation 12:7 and other passages that the leader of these
fallen, unholy angels, which are also termed “demons”, is Satan (Matt. 12:25-
27). As the leader of these demonic forces of unholy angels, Satan is a liar, a
murderer, and a thief (Jn. 10:10). As God’s great antagonist, Satan hates God
and His people and is constantly on the prowl like a roaring lion in search of
those he may devour (1 Pet. 5:8).
As an angelic being, Satan, as well as his angels (demons), use all of their
powers and abilities to infect humanity (Eph. 6:12). They are able to
transform themselves into angels of light, as well as those who do his bidding
into ministers of light (2 Cor. 11:14-15). No wonder Paul emphasized the need
for believers to “put on the whole armor of God that we may be able to
withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand” (Eph. 6:13).
The decision made by the Lucifer and his angels seems to have become
permanent in its effect. Their condition may be described in a twofold
manner: “nonviolable” and “nonredeemable”.
All angels, whether good or evil, now continue in their respective states as
“nonviolable”. In other words, the lines have been drawn, and their condition
is deemed “unchangeable.” The fact that certain angels are termed “elect”
means that God has intervened to confirm some in holiness. A period of
probation is implied in that all angels were created in holiness and then
subjected to a test through the solicitation of Lucifer (Satan) (Ezek. 28:18).
In addition, the angels that remained holy have also become unchangeable in
condition by the grace of God. This special grace of perseverance, by which
they were confirmed in position makes it virtually impossible for them to fall
as did those earlier. All angels are now forever and eternally fixed in holiness
or wickedness.
We may also deduce from the fall of Lucifer and his angels that they are
forever and completely “nonredeemable”. Those that followed Lucifer (Satan)
in his sin of rebellion and pride, fell decisively and are permanently left in
their evil, wicked state without even a glimmer of hope of redemption or
salvation. Their eternal destiny is irrevocably consigned to the lake of fire
(Matt. 25:41; Rev. 20:7-10). Angels do not understand God’s plan of salvation
for mankind.
One may ask why God never provided salvation for these fallen angels. The
answer is obvious when one understands how God provided salvation for
mankind. In Hebrews 2:16, we find that Christ did not take hold of angels to
save them, but only of believing man. He passed by angels to help man!
In Hebrews 2:14-17 it is evident from the very nature of angels, that Christ
did not and could not take upon Himself the nature of angels. Christ had to
be made in the form of sinful man, yet without sin (Phil. 2:5-8), in order that
He might become our Kinsman-Redeemer. This was done when Jesus was
born of a virgin named Mary. He was God manifest in the flesh, yet He was
not tainted by the sinful blood of man.
It was impossible for Christ to become like angels, who are not flesh and
blood and who do not procreate. Christ could not lay hold on angels in like
fashion to represent and redeem them. Their very nature forbids it,
therefore, they are “nonredeemable”. Since Christ has become the last
Adam, the Head of a new race of men reborn by grace through faith in Christ,
we have a song no angel can sing (John 1:12-13; Heb. 2:9-12).
Organization of Holy (Good) Angels
While not a great deal of information is revealed in God’s Word concerning
the organization of angels, there is evidence to a distinct order in the angelic
realm. They appear clearly to be organized into various ranks and orders and
positions. This is suggested by the fact that Michael is called the “archangel”
or chief angel in Jude 9. In Daniel 10:13 Michael is also called one of the
“chief princes”. This too suggests that there are angels of lesser rank. More
evidence that strongly suggests rank and order of angels is found in Psalm 89:
5; 7; Ephesians 3:10; 6:12; and in 1 Peter 3:22. Charles Ryrie writes in his
book entitled, Basic Theology:
“The Scriptures speak of the “assembly” and “council” of angels (Ps. 89:5;
7), of their organization for battle (Rev. 12:7), and of a king over the demon-
locusts (Rev. 9:11). They are also given governmental classifications which
indicate organization and ranking (Eph. 3:10, good angles; and 6:12, evil
angels). Unquestionably God has organized the elect angels and Satan has
organized the evil angels.
A very important practical point emerges from this. Angels are organized;
demons are organized; yet Christians, individually and in groups, often feel
that it is unnecessary that they be organized. This is especially true when it
comes to fighting evil. Believers sometimes feel that they can ‘go it alone’ or
expect victory without any prior, organized preparation and discipline. It is
also true when it comes to promoting good. Believers sometimes miss the best
because they do not plan and organize their good works.”
There seems to be particular rankings or classifications of the organized
angelic world:
Angels who are rulers or principalities – (Rom. 8:38; Eph. 1:21; 3:10; 6:12;
Col. 1:16; 2:10; 15)
Angels who are authorities or powers – (Eph. 1:21; 2:2; 3:10; 6:12; Col. 1:16;
2:10; 15; 1 Pet. 3:22)
Angels who are powers – (2 Pet. 2:11; Eph. 1:21; 1 Pet. 3:11)
Angels who are highest ranking – (Dan. 12:1; Jude 9)
Angels who are ruling – (Eph. 3:10)
Angels who are prominent individuals – Michael, Gabriel, Lucifer
Angels who are divine attendants – Cherubim (highest order) & Seraphim
(priestly)
There is also evidence to suggest designated places where certain angels rule
as found in Eph. 1:21; 6:12; Col. 1:16; 2 Pet. 2:10; and Jude 8. There are also
three (3) other classifications of angels that remain:
Elect Angels – In 1 Timothy 5:21, Paul speaks of “the elect angels”. These are
the holy angels who are somehow included in the elect purposes of God. These
are angels who did not follow after Satan in his rebellion. There is little
revealed about their election, but apparently there was a probationary period
for the angelic world and these, being the elect of God, remained faithful and
are confirmed in their holy state in the service of the Lord.
The Living Creatures – These are angelic creatures who seem to be involved
with revealing the glory of Jehovah God of Israel in His omniscience,
omnipotence, and omnipresence (Ezek. 1:5f; Rev. 4:6; 6:1). Ezekiel 10:15; 20
reveal them as cherubim. Through the four faces, they may also anticipate
what God would do to bring salvation to man through His Son: (a) The face of
the man suggests wisdom, compassion, intelligence, and pictures Christ’s
humanity as the Son of Man, the special focus found in the Gospel of Luke
(b) The face of the lion speaks of kingly appearance and pictures Christ as
King which is Matthew’s special emphasis (c) The face of the bull or ox
portrays a servant, the emphasis of Mark (d) The face of the eagle speaks of
heavenly action and portrays the Deity of Christ, emphasized in John’s
Gospel.
Watchers – The word “Watchers” is an Aramaic word which means “vigilant;
waking; watchful”. Daniel 4:17 may infer that this is a special type of angel
(if a special class is intended). It seems to describe holy angels who are
constantly vigilant to serve the Lord, and who watch over the rulers of the
world and the affairs of men (Dan. 4:13; 17; 23). The added description, “a
holy one” in verse 13 may imply there are unholy watchers as well (i.e.
demonic forces who are watching the affairs of men and seeking to influence
and destroy in order to pervert the right ways of God).
Special Angels Associated with the Tribulation – In Revelation a number of
angels are specifically associated with certain judgments that will be poured
out on the earth and its inhabitants. In addition, some angels are related to
special functions given to them, at least in the last days of the Tribulation
Period.
There are many ministry of angels mentioned in the Word of God.
Essentially, their ministries can be summarized in four major areas – (1) The
worship of God (Isa. 6:3; Rev. 4:8) (2) As messengers of God (Dan. 9:22; Lk.
1:11; 26; 2:9; Rev. 1:1) (3) As soldiers of God in spiritual combat (Dan. 10:
13f; Rev. 12:7) (4) As ministers to God’s people (Heb. 1:14). Perhaps the most
common ministry of angels is that of “ministering spirits” to God’s people
(Heb. 1:14).
As God’s celestial servants who carry out His purposes, we may observe that
their ministry falls into one of six (6) relationships:
In Relation to God:
In their service to God, they are seen as “attendants around His throne,
waiting to serve Him and to do His bidding” (Ps. 103:20; Isa. 6:1f; Job 1:6; 2:
1; Rev. 5:11; 8:1f); as “worshippers in praise of Him” (Isa. 6:3; Ps. 148:1-2;
Heb. 1:6; Rev. 5:12); as “observers who rejoice over what He does” (Job 38:6-
7; Lk. 2:12-13; 15:10); as “soldiers in battle with Satan” (Rev. 12:7); and as
“instruments of His judgments” (Rev. 7:1; 8:2).
In Relation to Nations:
In relation to the nation of Israel, Michael, the archangel, seems to have a
very important ministry as their guardian (Dan. 10:13; 21; 12:1; Jude 9). In
relation to other nations, they watch over rulers and nations (Dan. 4:17) and
seek to influence their human leaders (Dan. 10:21; 11:1). In the Tribulation
they will be the agents God uses to pour out His judgments (see Rev. 8-9 and
16).
In Relation to Christ:
Since the plan of God centers around the Person of His Son, Jesus Christ,
they perform many services for the Savior.
In relation to His birth – Angels predicted it (Matt. 1:20; Lk. 1:26-28) and
then announced His it (Lk. 2:8-15). An angel warned Joseph to take Mary and
the baby Jesus and flee into Egypt (Matt. 2:13-15), and an angel directed the
family to return to Israel after the death of Herod (Matt. 2:19-21).
In relation to His suffering – Angels ministered to Jesus after His temptation
(Matt. 4:11), during the suffering of the Garden of Gethsemane (Lk. 22:43),
and He said that He could have called a legion of angels to His defense if He
so desired.
In relation to His resurrection – An angel rolled away the stone from the
tomb (Matt. 28:1-2), angels announced His resurrection to the women on that
glorious Easter morning (Matt. 28:5-6; Lk. 24:5-7), and angels were also
present at His ascension and gave instruction to the disciples (Acts 1:10-11).
In relation to His 2nd Coming – The voice of the archangel will be heard at
the translation (Rapture) of the Church (1 Thess. 4:16); they will accompany
Him in His glorious return to earth (Matt. 25:31; 2 Thess. 1:7), and they will
separate the wheat (saved) from the tares (unsaved) at His 2nd Advent (Matt.
13:39-40).
In Relation to the Unrighteous:
Angels not only will announce and inflict judgments (Gen. 19:13; Rev. 14:6-7;
Acts 12:23; Rev. 16:1), but they will also separate the righteous from the
unrighteous (Matt. 13:39-40).
In Relation to the Church:
Hebrews 1:14 describes the ministry of angels as that of “ministering spirits,
sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation”. By the term
“minister” is suggested a number of different activities provided for
believers. (1) They bring answers to prayers (Acts 10:3-4; 12:5-10); (2) They
help in bringing people to the Savior (Acts 8:26; 10:3-6); (3) They may
encourage in times of danger (Acts 27:23-24); and (4) They care for God’s
people at the time of death (Lk. 16:22).
In Relation to New Epochs:
Each new epoch instituted by God in history involves the ministry of angels:
Angels joined in praise when the earth was created (Job 38:6-7)
Angels were involved in the giving of the Mosaic Law (Gal. 3:19; Heb. 2:2)
Angels were active at the 1st Advent of Christ (Matt. 1:20; 4:11)
Angels were active during the infancy of the Church (Acts 8:26; 10:3; 7; 12:
11)
Angels will be involved in most of the events surrounding the 2nd Coming of
Christ (Matt. 25:31; 1 Thess. 4:1)
In Relation to Our Present Age:
Without question angels have been instrumental in performing many
ministries in days gone by, and God’s Word declares emphatically that they
will be used by God in days to come. The question of many people is, “Does
God still use angels to perform functions in this present age in which we now
live?”
In answer to this question, we again must consult the Word of God. The Bible
is the only complete authority on the subject of angels and spiritual matters.
Though there be many good books written by many great men of God, none of
these resources are inspired by the Holy Spirit. Therefore, in dealing with
questions such as this, one should consult first and foremost the ultimate
authority – God’s Holy Word.
We read in Hebrews 13:2, “Be not forgetful to entertain strangers: for
thereby some have entertained angels unawares.” Entertaining angels
unawares suggests that we might very well be in the presence of angels
without our knowledge as was Abraham (Gen. 18:1ff) and Lot (Gen. 19:1ff).
However, even this does not fully prove that God employs angels today as in
the days of the Old and New Testament days. It is possible that the word
“angel” in Hebrews 13:2 implies simply a “messenger of God” as in James 2:
25.
There is probably no aspect of angelic ministry more discussed and believed as
that of “a guardian angel”. People often openly confess in their belief that
everybody has a “guardian angel” who keeps and cares for them wherever
they are. The concept that every person has a particular angel who guards
them is taken from Psalm 91:11, “For he shall give his angels charge over
thee, to keep thee in all thy ways.” Let us consider what is truly stated in this
particular passage. Remember, context means everything in interpreting any
passage of Scripture.
Regarding the context of the psalm from verse 1-12, the psalmist explained
that “no harm or danger can befall those who have made the Lord their
refuge (shelter from danger) because He has commissioned angels to care for
them.” It is quite obvious that from the context of this passage, the promise
is directed only to “those who make the Lord their refuge.” Many people are
prone to read the Word of God as they would treat a “buffet line” in a
restaurant. They simply pick and choose what they like, and they ignore the
rest! The promise of a guardian angel (or angels – plural) applies only to those
who have faith in God.
In Matthew 4:6, Satan also misquoted this particular psalm when he
attempted to cause Jesus to sin (impossible as it would be). Even Satan, the
once powerful cherub that covered the very throne of God misapplied this
wonderful promise of God. Some would suggest that this Old Testament
passage should not be applied to present-day Christians. However, in light of
Hebrews 1:14 which states that angels ARE ministering spirits to saints, one
must agree that Psalm 91:11 is still applicable today.
On the other hand, we should never think that God will never allow anything
bad or tragic happen to believers. Even in both the Old and New Testament
eras, God did allow danger and death to come into the lives of even great men
and women of faith (Hebrews 11:36-40). God is Sovereign and will always have
His will and His way regardless of what mankind thinks. His ways are always
right and good and just. There is also another truth about angels that needs to
be remembered. There are two (2) divisions of angels at work in the world
today – good (unfallen) and evil (fallen) angels. Paul addressed the need to
understand the devices of Satan in 2 Corinthians 2:11 and 11:14-15.
Satan is actively involved in perverting the right ways of the Lord (Acts 13:7-
10). He would like nothing more than to deceive people by perverting the
Word of God. This is exactly what Satan did in the Garden of Eden – He
misquoted and misinterpreted the Word of God found in Genesis 2:15-17. By
deceiving Eve, mankind fell from God’s fellowship and sin with its curse has
been passed down to all of mankind.
Much of how society thinks concerning spiritual things has been widely taken
out of context and misappropriated. There are numerous misconceptions
concerning angels today. This is just one of many which can be used to
illustrate.
The Watchfulness of Holy (Good) Angels
The Fact of Their Watchfulness
Significantly, a number of passages speak of the angels as “Observers”.
Some may be surprised by this fact, but the Word of God distinctly teaches us
that angels are “spectators of God’s activities in the world” and that they
especially observe events revolving that of God’s redemptive plan. Since a
number of passages specifically address the fact that angels are spectators of
what God does, we should examine these biblical truths in order to understand
the reasons and lessons from them. One should closely examine the following
passages in particular: Job 38:7; Lk. 15:10; 1 Cor. 4:9; 11:10; Eph. 3:10; 1
Tim. 3:16; 1 Pet. 1:12.
The Objects of Their Watchfulness
Angels observed of God’s creation and rejoiced (Ps. 38:7)
Angels observed the birth of Christ and rejoiced (Lk. 2:13-14)
Angels observed the entire life of Jesus on earth (1 Tim. 3:16)
Angels observe God’s joy when a sinner repents (Lk. 15:10)
Angels observe all aspects of man’s redemption in Christ (1 Pet. 1:12)
Angels observe the manifold wisdom of God concerning redemption (Eph. 3:10)
Our Relationship with Holy (Good) Angels
There are some points of biblical teaching that bear upon our personal
relationship and attitude toward angels. One outstanding aspect to keep in
mind is that our position “IN Christ” vitally effects our relation to both good
and evil, unfallen or fallen angels.
When we trust Christ for salvation, we are placed by the Spirit into Christ
(Rom. 6:1-10; Gal. 3:26-27). Our position as a result is termed “in Christ”,
and we become heirs of God and joint-heirs with Jesus Christ. Therefore, we
“children of God”, and the righteousness of Christ is imputed unto us. It is as
if we too died with Christ, rose from the grave, and ascended with Christ unto
the Father (Eph. 2:5-6). Not only are we perfectly accepted before God, but
our position in Christ also puts above angels (Eph. 1:20-21), since no angel
could be in Christ through the grace of salvation. This bears upon both our
present and future relationship with angels.
Our Present Relationship with Angels
The writer of Hebrews clearly presents the perfect position that every born-
again believer has in Christ by virtue of salvation. Since Christ is better than
the angels (Heb. 1-2), better than Moses (Heb. 3), and better than both the
former priesthood and sacrifices (Heb. 4-10), therefore, we must conclude
that our relationship is based upon this same affirmation since we are
positionally in Christ (Rom. 8:30; Eph. 2:5-6)
Our Future Rule with Angels
During the millennial reign of Christ, the saints will live and reign with (Rev.
20:4-6). The apostles will sit on the twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes
of Israel when Christ sits upon the throne of His glory (Matt. 19:28). Then we
also will rule with Christ over the world (1 Cor. 6:2). Angles will most likely
continue their ministry of carrying out Christ’s rule during this time.
However, we shall also judge and rule over angels (1 Cor. 6:3; Eph. 1:19-21;
Heb. 2:5-10).
Paul stated in 1 Corinthians 2:11, “Lest Satan should get an advantage of us:
for we are not ignorant of his devices.” Knowledge of the corruption of Satan’
s person and the position he now occupies is important in our battle against
him. Satan is most definitely described in God’s Word as a formidable enemy
of Christians. In 1 Peter 5:8 we read, “Be sober, be vigilant; because your
adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may
devour: Whom resist stedfast in the faith, knowing that the same afflictions
are accomplished in your brethren that are in the world.” Knowing one’s
enemy is vital to success in overcoming our enemy, therefore, let us examine
certain aspects of both the character and ministry of the devil in light of God’s Holy Word.
Satan’s Present Character
Satan is a murderer (John 8:44)
Satan is a liar (John 8:44)
Satan is a confirmed and practicing sinner (1 John 3:8)
Satan opposes the righteous (1 Pet. 5:8)
Satan is an accuser of the brethren (Rev. 12:10)
Satan’s Present Position
Satan is a formidable enemy and powerful (Jude 9)
Satan is the ruler of fallen angels (Matt. 25:41; Rev. 12:9)
Satan is the ruler of the world’s system (John 12:31; 16:11)
Satan is termed the “god of this world” (2 Cor. 4:4; 1 John 2:15-17; 5:19)
Satan abides in the heavenlies (Eph. 6:11-12)
Satan has access to heaven (Rev. 12:10)
Satan is active on earth (1 Pet. 5:8)
Satan’s Present Power & Activity
In Relation to God –
Satan Opposes God’s Person (Gen. 3:1-5; 1 John 3:7-15; 2 Cor. 4:4)
Satan Opposes God’s Program by Counterfeiting Truth (Acts 13:10; Eph. 2:2;
2 Thess. 2:8-11)
Satan Opposes God’s Program by Counterfeiting Religion (Matt. 13:38-39; 2
Cor. 11:13-15; Gal. 1:6-9; 2 Thess. 2:3-11; Rev. 2:9; 13-15;24; 1 Tim. 4:1-3; 2
Pet. 2:1; 15)
Satan Opposes God’s Program by Counteracting His Sovereignty (Matt. 4:1-
11; John 13:26-30; Rev. 20:1-10)
In Relation to the Nations –
Satan Deceives the Nations (Rev. 20:3; 7-10)
Satan Influences Governments of Nations (2 Cor. 4:4; Matt. 4:8-10; Dan. 10:
13; 20; Eph. 6:12; 1 Thess. 2:18)
Satan Directs the Governments of Nations During the Tribulation (Rev. 17:
12; Dan. 2:31-45; 7:1-12; Rev. 13:2; 4; Dan. 2:25; 44-45; 7:8-14; Rev. 19:11-
21)
In Relation to the Unsaved –
Satan Attempts to Prevent Salvation by Snatching Away Truth (Lk. 8:12)
Satan Attempts to Prevent Salvation by Blinding to Truth (2 Cor. 4:3-4)
Satan Attempts to Prevent Salvation by Causing Gospel to Appear Foolish to
Unsaved (1 Cor. 1:18)
Satan Indoctrinates Unsaved with False Religion (1 Tim. 4:1-3)
Satan Ingrains a False Lifestyle (Eph. 2:1-3; 1 John 2:15-17)
In Relation to the Saved –
Satan Wages Warfare with Believers (Eph. 6:10-18; 1 Pet. 5:8)
Satan Accuses the Brethren (Rev. 12:10)
Satan Plants Doubts in Minds of Believers (Gen. 3:1-5)
Satan Tempts Believers to Sin Many Ways:
By Lies (Acts 5:3)
By Immorality (1 Cor. 7:5)
By Carnal Lusts of This World (1 John 2:15-17; 5:19; Eph. 5:2-3; 2 Tim. 4:10;
James 4:1-7)
By Relying on Human Wisdom & Strength (2 Chron. 21:1-8; Matt. 16:21-23;
1 Cor. 1:18-25; 3:18-4:5; 2 Cor. 4:1-7)
By Discouragement (1 Pet. 5:6-10; Rev. 2:9-10; 3:9-10)
Satan Incites Persecution (Rev. 2:10)
Satan Prevents Service (1 Thess. 2:18)
Satan Infiltrates the Church Many Ways:
Through False Teachers (2 Cor. 11:13-15; 2 Pet. 2:1-19; 1 Jn. 4:1-4)
Through False Disciples (Matt. 13:38-39)
Satan Promotes Division Among Believers (1 Cor. 1:10-11; 3:1-9; 5:2; 6:1; 8:
1-13; Eph. 4:26-27)
Satan’s Future Is Sure
Satan has been judged by God (John 12:31; 16:11; Col. 2:15; Heb. 2:14)
Satan will be bound for 1,000 years during Millennium (Rev. 20:1-3)
Satan will ultimately spend eternity in the lake of fire (Rev. 20:10)
Satan’s Fallen Followers – Demons
Satan is not omniscient, omnipresent, nor omnipotent. Therefore, he has help
in performing all of these ministries of wickedness. The angels that joined his
rebellion were cast with him out of heaven. These fallen followers of Satan
are termed “Demons”, and it is they who aid in perverting the right ways of
God in this present world. They are highly organized, with both a rank and
file of power structure (Eph. 6:12). Let us examine these fallen angels in
order to better understand their roles in this present world.
The Reality of Demons
There are many proofs of the existence of demons in God’s Word. The same
evidence that attests to the existence of angels in general must also conclude
the existence of demons, those who rebelled with the archangel Lucifer (Ezek.
28:18; Isa. 14:12-17). Christ accepted and substantiated their existence in
many passages of the New Testament (Matt. 12:22-28; 15:22-28; 17:14-20; 25:
41; Mk. 5:1-16; Lk. 10:17-18).
There are over 100 references to demons in the Word of God, most of them
occurring in the New Testament. All the writers of the Gospels report cases of
demon possession to demonstrate the power of Christ over demons. All of the
writers of the New Testament, though not every book nor the writer of
Hebrews, mentions demons or evil angels in the writings.
The Character of Demons (Fallen Angels)
The Personality of Demons
Personal pronouns (Lk. 8:27-30)
Name (Lk. 8:30)
Speech (Lk. 4:33-35; 41; 8:28; 30)
Intelligence (Mk. 1:23-24; Lk. 4:34; 8:28; Acts 16:16-17)
Emotion (Lk. 8:28; James 2:19)
Will (Lk. 8:32; Mk. 1:27; Lk. 4:35-36)
Characteristics of Demons
Spirit Beings (Mt. 8:16; Lk. 10:17; 20; 20:36)
Morally Perverted
In their person (Eph. 6:12; Matt. 10:1; 12:45; Mk. 1:23; Lk. 11:24; Lk. 7:21)
In their doctrine (1 Tim. 4:1-3; 2 Tim. 3:6-8; 2 Pet. 2:2-3; 10; 13-14; 18)
In their conduct (Matt. 12:43-45; 13:37-42; 2 Cor. 11:13-15; Jude 6-7)
Invisible, But Capable of Manifestation (Gen. 19:15; Lk. 1:26; John 20:12;
Rev. 9:7-10; 17; 16:13-16)
Powers of Demons
Supernatural Intelligence (Ezek. 28:12; 2 Sam. 14:20; Mk. 1:14; 34; 5:6-7;
Matt. 8:28-29; Lk. 8:31; 1 Jn. 4:1-4; 2 Cor. 11;13-15; 1 Tim. 4:1-3; Rev. 9:4)
Supernatural Strength (Acts 19:14-16; Mk. 5:1-5; Matt. 17:14-20)
Power to Afflict Men (Rev. 9:1-19)
Power to Work Supernatural Feasts (2 Thess. 2:9; Rev. 13:13-15)
Supernatural Presence (Dan. 9:21-23; 10:10-14; Lk. 8:30)
Duties of Demons in Regard to God & God’s Program
Extension of Satan’s Power (Matt. 12:24; Jn. 12:31; Rev. 12:7)
Promote Rebellion (Rev. 16:14; Rev. 9:20-21)
Slander God & Men (Gen. 3:1-5; Rev. 12:10; Job 1:9; 11; 2:4-5; Zech. 3:1)
Promote Idolatry (Lev. 17:7; Deut. 32:17; Ps. 96:4-5; Isa. 65:11; Ps. 106:36-
38; 1 Cor. 12:2; Rev. 13:4; 15)
Reject Grace of God (Gen. 4:1-7; 1 John 3:12; 2 Cor. 3:6-7; 13-14; Gal. 2:21-3:
1; 1 Tim. 4:1-8; Col. 2:18-23; 1 Jn. 2:22; 4:1-4)
Promote False Religions and Cults (1 Jn. 4:1-4; 2 Cor. 11:13; 15; 22-23; Gal.
1:6-8; Col. 2:18-23; 1 Tim. 4:1-4)
Distract from the Truth (2 Cor. 4:3-4; 1 Tim. 4:1-4; 1 Jn. 4:1-4)
Duties of Demons in Regard to Mankind
Disable the Body in Many Ways:
Dumbness (Matt. 9:32-33; 12:22; Mk. 9:17-29)
Blindness (Matt. 12:22)
Deformity (Lk. 13:11-17)
Epilepsy (Matt. 17:15-18; Mk. 9:20; Lk. 9:39)
Deranging the Mind by Insanity & Suicidal Mania (Lk. 8:27-29; Mk. 9:22)
Drives to Injury (Mk. 5:5; 9:22; 39)
Destroys Lives (Rev. 18:2; 24; 9:14-19)
Dominates Individuals (2 Thess. 2:7-18; Acts 8:9-24; 13:8-11; 16:16-19)
Demon Possession
The reality of demon possession is clearly stated and described in the Word of
God. The Gospels and the preaching of the apostles recorded in the book of
Acts maintain that Christ’s casting out of demons from a possessed person an
evidence of His deity and Messiahship (Matt. 12:22-23; 28-29; Acts 2:22; 10:
38). The apostles and evangelists substantiated the truth of the Gospel by
miracles, which included the casting out of demons (Acts 5:16; 8:7; 16:16-18;
19:12). We should not doubt the record of demon possessions in the past nor
the possibility of demon possession in our present day.
Definition of Demon Possession
According to Merrill F. Unger in his book entitled Demons in the World Today
(p. 102), “Demon possession is a condition in which one or more evil spirits or
demons inhabit the body of a human being and can take complete control of
their victim at will.”
When a person is demon possessed, there is always a distinct change in
personality. It may be mild or severe, but there is always a change to some
degree. Demon possession is not merely a word for schizophrenic illness, for
that is merely one person projecting a different aspect of his own mind. In
demon possession, the personality of the demon totally eclipses the
personality of the possessed, and the demon displays his own distinct
personality through the means of the victim’s body.
The causes of demon possession vary and are often complex. Probably in the
great majority of cases, however, the possession can be traced to the
possessed person at sometime “yielding voluntarily to temptation and to sin,
initially weakening the human will, so that it is rendered susceptible to
complete or partial eclipse and subjugation by the possessing spirit.” (Merrill
F. Unger, Biblical Demonology, p. 95)
According to Exodus 20:4-5, it is possible that even a parent’s involvement in
idolatry will cause the third and fourth generations of siblings to follow to be
susceptible to demon possession. However, there is a distinct prevention to
demon possession – Being born-again by the Spirit of God. God will not share
the same body with demons, nor do demons have the ability to possess
Christians who are the temple of the Holy Ghost.
Characteristics of Demon Possession
According to Kurt Koch in his book entitled, Occult Bondage and Deliverance
(pp. 57-59) using one of the most familiar stories of the Word of God
concerning a man from Gadara possessed of many demons (Mark 5), we have
a good indication to the many and varied characteristics of demon possession.
Indwelling of an unclean spirit (vs. 2) This is the cause of the symptoms.
Unusual strength (vs. 3)
Fits of Rage (vs. 4) He broke chains and fetters.
Disintegration or splitting of the personality (vss. 6-7) The demoniac ran to
Jesus for help, yet cried out in fear.
Resistance to spiritual things (vs. 7) He asked Jesus to leave him alone.
Hyperaesthesia or excessive sensibility such as clairvoyant powers (vs. 7) He
knew immediately, without former contact, the true identity of Jesus.
Alteration of voice (vs. 9) A legion of demons spoke through his vocal
facilities.
Occult transference (vs. 13) The demons left the man entered into the swine.
It is helpful to note that the last four (4) characteristics fail as psychiatric
illnesses. For example, clairvoyance itself is never a sign of mental illness,
and a mentally ill patient will never be able to speak in a voice or language he
or she has previously never learned. Yet this is exactly what often happens in
demon possession. Transference is not necessarily a characteristic, but it does
occur whenever a demon or demons are cast out of the possessed. It is never
a good idea to perform an exorcism in the presence of the unsaved, for they
might very well be the object of the transference.
Cure for Demon Possession
There is a cure for demon possession. No one need remain in that condition.
There is help available in Christ and Christian counselors. Christ
demonstrated that He had power over demons, and in His earthly ministry He
demonstrated His ability to conquer them on various occasions. In Matthew
10:1 and Mark 3:14-15, Christ also gave the authority over demons to His
disciples. On the Cross of Calvary, Christ once and for all judged sin and
Satan, and Romans 1:4 declares Jesus Christ to be the Son of God with power
by the resurrection from the dead.
Just as the Lord granted power to His disciples to cast out demons during His
days on earth, so today Christians have all of the necessary power available to
do the same. According to Ephesians 6:10-18 and Colossians 2:9-15, as we are
“strong in the Lord and the power of His might”, we too have authority over
such principalities and powers of evil. However, there are biblical principles
that must be followed.
First, there must be a diagnosis. Not every suspected case is in reality demon
possession. Extreme caution must be used here, because the suggestion of
demon possession can further complicate the problem of one who is
emotionally or mentally disturbed. Once demon possession is certain,
however, the possessed individual must be made aware that he or she is
possessed. It is vital that this be done in a tactful, loving and caring manner.
Read Acts 8:9-24 to see how Peter informed Simon the magician that he was
possessed. Another passage one should read is Acts 16:16-18 where Paul
treated a slave girl in Philippi. Christians should pray for similar discernment.
Secondly, there is deliverance. The believer must be armed with prayer, not
just at the moment, but as a habit of life. However, there should be specific
prayer as well for the task at hand. Jesus made it a habit to pray continually,
but always to pray specifically for any task at hand (Mk. 9:29).
Thirdly, there may be a need for a direct command to the demon resident in
the one possessed. The Lord Jesus and the apostle Paul both spoke to demons
directly (Matt. 8:32; Mk. 5:8; Acts 16:18). In the name of Jesus, the demon
had to obey the authority of Christ and depart. To attempt to exorcise a
demon or demons upon one’s own authority would be utterly futile and most
certainly would cause more damage than good.
Qualifications for the Counselor
Though exorcism is not a special gift, nevertheless there are certain
qualifications that are necessary in order to successfully cast the demon from
one possessed. The following is a list of three (3) important aspects to
consider before ever attempting to perform the task of exorcism:
Be Spiritual! Only a person who has been born-again of the Spirit by trusting
in the finished work of Jesus Christ, having the assurance of his right
standing before God should ever attempt to cast out demons (John 1:12-13; 1
John 5:4-5; 18). He must have be dedicated to God so that he does not
participate in Satan’s sin of independence (Rom. 12:1-2). Only by submitting
oneself to God can one ever resist Satan (James 4:6-8). He must allow the
Holy Spirit of God to control his life (Gal. 5:16-18; 25; Eph. 5:18). Only in this
way can he know God’s power operating in his life to live for Christ and to
help others.
Be Scriptural! One must know God’s Word. He must know what it says about
the enemy, Satan, his angels (demons), their powers and methods (2 Cor. 2:
11; 11:14). He must know of Christ’s victory over Satan and be convinced of
his position of power in Christ (Col. 2:15). He should be acquainted with the
biblical accounts of Christ and the apostles in their dealings with demons.
Be Special! If possible, the counselor should have some medical qualifications
or training in psychiatric counseling. Correct diagnosis is highly important
and distinction between disease and demonic possession must be properly
made. A mature Christian with experience in dealing with the demonic is
preferred. While there are definite symptoms of demon possession,
discernment is essential. The wise counselor will always seek advice and
confer with other counselors when there is doubt of diagnosis.
Opposition Against Saints
Against Believers in General (Eph. 6:11-12; Rom. 7:21-24; James 1:14-15)
Against Individual Saints
Attack Confidence & Commitment (Eph. 6:14-18)
Tempt to Sin (1 Chron. 21:1-8; 1 Cor. 5:1-5; Eph. 2:2-3; 1 Thess. 4:3-5; 1 Jn.
2:16; Rev. 2:12-14; 20-24; 1 Tim. 3:6)
Inflict Maladies (Job 2:7-9; 2 Cor. 12:7-9)
Against the Church
Creating Doctrinal & Practical Divisions (Eph. 4:3-6; 1 Tim. 4:1-3; 1 Jn. 4:1-
4; 2 Tim. 3:3-8)
Countering the Gospel Ministry by Hindering Minister (1 Thess. 2:17-18; 2
Cor. 4:3)
Countering the Gospel Ministry by Persecuting Saints (Rev. 2:8-10; John 16:1-
3; 33; Rev. 18:2; 24)
Defense Against Unholy Angels
The only defense against unholy angels is found in the blood of Jesus Christ.
Any person who has never been saved, redeemed by the blood of Christ by
grace through faith in the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ is
vulnerable to the powers of the “god of this world”, namely Satan himself.
As for those who have been born-again by the Spirit of God, we must conclude
by Ephesians 6:10-18 and 1 Peter 5:8 that we are engaged in a spiritual
warfare and that our enemy is the devil. Paul told Timothy to be a “good
soldier of Jesus Christ” (2 Tim. 2:3). Therefore, we must realize that there
are three (3) essential things that we can do in order to defend ourselves
against the devil and demons.
Recall
The Power of Satan – respect his power; realized he is restricted
The Practice of Satan – do not be ignorant of his devices (2 Cor. 2:11)
The Prince of Victory – Jesus has already overcome the world (John 16:33)
The Prayer of Christ for Saints – Christ has prayed for believers (John 17:15)
The Position for Victory – our position “IN Christ” means we stand before
God in the righteousness and power of Christ.
The Purpose of God – God keeps saints; He is still on the throne.
Resist
Submit Yourself to God – James 4:7 makes it clear that this is the first step
in resisting Satan.
Suit Up with God’s Armor – Ephesians 6:10-18 teach the importance of putting
on the whole armor of God.
Sincerely Live for Christ – Many passages reveal the necessity to consistently
live holy, godly lives.
Rely
Rely on the Power of Christ – Philippians 2:9-10 and 2 Corinthians 5:20
instruct us that “IN Christ” we have power to overcome.
Rely on the Providence of God – Realize that God loves and cares and guards
His children. We have the promise that He will never leave us nor forsake us.
Rely on the Promise of God – When we have done all to stand, we shall stand
by the power, providence, and promise of God (Eph. 6:10-11; 13). We have the
promise that the devil will flee from us if we first submit ourselves to God and
then resist the devil (James 4:7)
Review Questions #1
Introduction to Names of Angels
Angels are spiritual beings created by God for what reason?
Angels fall into two (2) spiritual or moral categories. Name them.
How are angels distinctly different from mankind? (1 Pet. 1:12; Heb. 9:27;
Lk. 20:36)
What passage in the Psalms clearly reveals that angels were created beings?
Who is the Creator of “ALL” things? (Col. 1:16)
Where is the fixed abode of holy angels? (Mk. 13:32; Gal. 1:8)
What will be the final abode of unholy angels? (Matt. 25:41)
Although angels do not have material bodies such as mankind, they have
appeared in “human-like” bodies on occasion. These appearances are called
what?
Explain what happened in 2 Kings 6:17 concerning Elisha and a young man.
Have angels ever appeared in the form of a woman?
What does the word “angel” mean?
Does the use of the word “angel” in the Bible always refer to spirit beings?
What does Hebrews 1:13-14 say about angels?
What does Psalm 89:5; 7 call unfallen angels? Give two (2) reasons why.
What is inferred by the use of the term “host” in relation to angels?
Do angels procreate (reproduce)? Does Genesis 6:2 refer to angels?
Describe “Seraphims” as mentioned in Isaiah 6:2; 6.
What does the word “seraphim” mean? What seems to be their duties?
Describe “Cherubim”.
What does the word “cherubim” mean? What seems to be their duties?
Review Questions #2
Specific Names – Organization of Holy Angels
To whom does the “angel of the Lord” refer in the Old Testament?
What three (3) specific angels are referred to by name?
What does the name “Michael” mean?
What does the name “Gabriel” mean?
What angel is called “archangel”?
What seems to be the main ministry of the “archangel”?
What seems to be the main ministry of “Gabriel”?
What was Satan’s name when he was the anointed angel that covered the
very throne of God?
What are some other names that refer to Satan?
Realizing that Ezek. 28:15-17 & Isa. 14:12-17 most likely refer to Lucifer,
explain the “Fall of Lucifer & other angels”.
Explain the division that now exists between “good & evil” angels.
Explain why the condition of fallen angels are said to be two-fold: nonviolable
& nonredeemable.
List at least seven (7) rankings or classifications of the organized angelic
world.
What is meant by the term “elect angels” in 1 Tim. 5:21?
Explain how the appearance of “the living creatures” correspond with the
portrayal of Christ in the four (4) Gospels.
In your own words explain why you think it is important to realize that both
good and evil angels are organized.
What is meant by the word “watchers” in Daniel 4:17?
In your own words explain what you believe about holy angels constantly
watching over the affairs of men? (ref. – Dan. 4:13; 17; 23)
If holy angels watch over the affairs of men, do you think that evil angels do
also?
Will angels play an important role during the Tribulation?
Review Questions #3
Ministry of Holy Angels
List the four (4) areas in which holy angels minister.
List the six (6) relationships in which holy angels minister.
List five (5) ways in which holy angels minister in relation to God.
What is the name of the holy angel who is mainly in charge of ministering to
Israel?
Briefly explain how that holy angels ministered at the birth of Jesus Christ.
Briefly explain how that holy angels ministered during Christ’s sufferings.
Briefly explain how that holy angels ministered at Christ’s resurrection.
Briefly explain how that holy angels will minister at the 2nd Coming of Christ.
Briefly explain how that holy angels will minister to the unrighteous.
Briefly explain how that holy angels minister unto the Church – those who
have been “born-again” by grace through faith in the finished work of Christ.
Briefly explain how that holy angels have ministered and will minister during
every new “epoch” (period or dispensation) instituted by God.
Read Hebrews 13:2 and briefly explain what you think it means.
Read Psalm 91:1-12, paying close attention to vs. 11, and briefly explain what
you think it means.
How did Satan misapply Psalm 91:11 when he tempted Christ in Matthew 4:6?
Some people believe that whenever something bad happens to a person it is
because of sin. Read Hebrews 11:36-40 and explain what you think.
What does Acts 13:7-10 reveal about the main ministry of Satan?
List the six (6) main objects of the “watchfulness of holy angels”.
What is the main thing that effects our relationship with both “good or evil”
angels?
Are Christians “lower than the angels”?
What will our relationship with the angels be during the Millennium? (1 Cor.
6:3; Eph. 1:19-21; Heb. 2:5-10)
Review Questions #4
Ministry of Unholy Angels – Demon Possession
Why is Paul’s statement in 2 Cor. 2:11 important to understand? Explain.
What does 1 Peter 5:8 mean?
List five (5) aspects of Satan’s character.
List seven (7) aspects of Satan’s position.
List four (4) ways in which Satan opposes God.
List five (5) ways in which Satan opposes the unsaved.
List eight (8) ways in which Satan opposes the saved.
Explain Satan’s future as outlined in the Word of God (Jn. 12:31; 16:11; Col.
2:15; Heb. 2:14; Rev. 20:1-3; 10)
What is another name for “fallen” or “unholy” angels?
Is there proof in the Word of God that “demons” exist? Explain.
List three (3) characteristics of demons.
List three (3) distinct powers of demons.
List seven (7) duties of demons in regard to God & His program.
List five (5) ways in which demons harass the unsaved.
According to Merrill F. Unger, in his book Demons in the World Today, what
is the definition of “demon possession”.
Using the story in Mark 5, “Demoniac of Gadara”, and according to Kurt
Koch in his book Occult Bondage and Deliverance”, list eight (8)
characteristics of demon possession.
Can a “Saved” person be possessed by demons? Explain.
List the three (3) biblical principles to cure demon possession. Briefly explain
each one.
Exorcism is not a “special gift”, but it should not be attempted by just any
person. There are certain qualifications necessary in order to perform the
task of helping one possessed with a demon or demons. List the three (3)
important qualifications that a person should possess before attempting to
exorcise demons and briefly explain each qualification.
List the three (3) essential things that we can do in order to defend ourselves
against the devil and his angels (demons).
Bibliography
Chafer, Lewis Sperry. Systematic Theology. Vol. 2. Kregel Publications. 1993.
Dickason, C. Fred. Angels: Elect & Evil. Moody Press. Chicago, IL. 1975.
Erickson, Millard J. Christian Theology. Baker Book House. Grand Rapids,
MI. 1983.
Gaebelein, Frank E. The Expositors’ Bible Commentary. Zondervan
Publishing Co.Grand Rapids, MI. 1997.
“Kindred Spirit.” Dallas Theological Seminary. Summer. 1995.
Ryrie, Charles C. Basic Theology. Victor Books. Wheaton, IL. 1987.
Walvoord, John F. & Zuck, Roy B. The Bible Knowledge Commentary, N.T.
Victor Books. 1983. Electronic Media.